Look up Amit in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Look up Amit in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Amit is a common male name. It is common in India, Nepal, Israel, Pakistan, Iran, Middle East, and Bangladesh.

In Nepali, Sanskrit, Hindi, and Bengali, Amit (Hindi: अमित) means infinite or immeasurable or boundless. It is the wordstem root of the Amitabha Buddha and one of the 108 names of Hindu God Shri Ganesha. It also means an eternal friend of everyone in Hindi, Nepali and Sanskrit

In Hebrew, Amit (Hebrew: עמית‎) means colleague, friend.

In Arabic, Amit (Arabic: اميت‎) means being highly praised and beloved. Amit means praised and moral. It is a variation of Ahmed and is a common name throughout the Muslim world.

Given name[link]

• Amit Ben Shushan (born 1985), Israeli football player
• Amit Bhandari (born 1978), Indian cricketer
• Amit Chaudhuri (born 1962), Indian English author, best known for his book Freedom Song
• Amit Gulilai (born 1972), aboriginal name of Taiwanese singer A-mei
• Amit Kilam, drummer of Indian Ocean, a contemporary fusion music band from India
• Amit Kumar (born 1952), Indian singer, son of Kishore Kumar
• Amit Mishra (born 1982), Indian cricketer
• Amit S. Bakshi, Indian hockey player
• Amit Sana, India singer who finished second in the Indian Idol contest in 2005
• Amit Sebastian Paul, member of the Swedish pop group A*Teens
• Amit Shah (born 1964), mayor of the city of Ahmedabad, India
• Amit Sharma, Indian cricketer
• Amit Tamir (born 1979), Israeli basketball player

Surname[link]

• Meir Amit (1921–2009), Israeli politician and general
• Galila Ron-Feder Amit (born 1949), Israeli children books author

See also[link]

• AMIT, an American Jewish Zionist volunteer organization
• AMIT (musician), a UK-based live music artist, composer and producer of Indian origin
• Amita, feminine form

This page or section lists people that share the same given name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.

Sadashiv Rao Bhau
Born	(1730-08-04)August 4, 1730 Maharashtra, India
Died	January 14, 1761(1761-01-14) (aged 30) Panipat, India
Allegiance	Maratha Empire
Commands held	Third Battle of Panipat
Battles/wars	Third Battle of Panipat
Relations	Chimaji Appa (Father) Parvatibai (Wife) Vishwasrao (Nephew) Nanasaheb Peshwa (Cousin) [citation needed]

Sadashiv Rao Bhau (August 4, 1730 – January 14, 1761) was son of Chimaji Appa and Rakhmabai, and the nephew of Peshwa Baji Rao I. He served as the Sarsenapati (commander-in-chief) of the Maratha army at the third battle of Panipat. He died fighting at the third battle of Panipat. ^[1]

Birth and early years[link]

Sadashivrao, born in Saswad near Pune, was the son of Baji Rao's brother Chimaji Appa.^[1] His mother Rakhmabai died when he was barely a month old.His father died when he was 10. He was cared by his grandmother Radhabai his aunt Kashibai. He was very bright from early years. He was educated in Satara. His tutor was shrewd Ramchandrababa Shenvi. Though Nanasaheb became Peshwa, he stayed in Satara.

His first military achievement was in 1746 in Carnatic region, with Mahadjipant Purandare and Sakharam Bappu as his political advisers. He had conquered from the Nawab of Savanur and subsequently annexed the cities of Kittur, Parasgad, Gokak, Yadwad, Bagalkot, Badami, Navalgund, Umbal, Giri, Torgal, Haliyal, Harihar and basavapatna. He crushed the revolt of Yamaji Shivdev^[2].

During those period Mahadjipant Purandare was Diwan of Peshwa. Bhausaheb was Diwan of Bhosale of Nagpur. After the death of Shahu, Ramchandrababa Shenvi suggested to Bhau to take Peshwai of Kolhapur, but Nanasaheb Peshwa opposed this idea. Mahadjipant Purandare resigned and Sadashivrao became Diwan of Peshwa.

He successfully led the Battle of Udgir, which weakened the Nizam of Hyderabad. He won the fort of Daulatabad. The news of Ahmad Shah Durrani's march and the subsequent death of Dattaji Shinde at the battle of Burari Ghat had arrived, so he was called back from Udgir to Partur where the Council of war was held. It was decided that Sadashivrao would go north to resist Afghans.

After he arranged the assassination of the Mughal Emperor Alamgir II in 1759, Sadashivrao Bhau then personally chose Shah Jahan III as the new Mughal Emperor and began a campaign of plundering the Jewels and ornaments of the Mughal imperial court, he also defaced mosques, tombs and shrines that the Mughals had built in Agra and Delhi, he then desecrated the imperial Moti Masjid and looted its exquisite jeweled decorations into booty for the ravaging Marathas^[3].

Third battle of Panipat[link]

In January 1760, news reached the prime minister Nanasaheb Peshwa that Ahmad Shah Durrani had invaded and captured the Punjab region. The Peshwa was then at the zenith of his power having defeated the Nizam at Udgir. Bhausaheb led Nanasaheb's forces in recapturing Delhi in May 1760, a battle in which artillery units were crucial in destroying the fortifications of Durrani's forces. Bhau later moved North and captured the fortified village of Kunjpura with a blitzkrieg offensive that demolished the fort's ramparts with land mines and artillery shelling and an attack of cavalry and musketeer units. Durrani went on to lose Sirhind, Lahore and Kasur to Sikh forces, and Multan and Attock to Khokhar-Khatri Muslims. Both groups were supplied with munitions by the Maratha empire.

Before this, Durrani had formed an alliance against the Marathas with other Rohilla chieftains principally Najib-ul-Daula , the Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-Daula , Prince Bijay Singh of Jodhpur, and Kachawa Prince Madho Singh of Amber. The last two did not join him with their forces. Bhausaheb tried his best to strike diplomatic ties with Suraj Mal Jat of Bharatpur, Rajputs, Sikhs, Shuja-ud-Daula and Muslim leaders in North India. However, all the Muslims in North India including Shuja-ud-Daula(Nawab of Awadh) were persuaded by Abdali and Najib to join the Afghans in the name of religion and to save Islam. Rajputs supported Abdali as Marathas ruled most of North India, Marathas used to collect tribute from Rajputana, had a huge say in their internal and political matters. Rajputs wanted to keep the Marathas away from at least the Rajputana.

Durrani recruited Afghans displaced by the war, and by November 1760, Durrani having crossed the Yamuna at Gauripur had 45000 soldiers to block Maratha passage to the south. Durrani thereafter gtradually isolated the Marathas financially and cut off his supplies from Delhi.

Bhausaheb was responsible for adjusting the hit-and-run tactics used by the Maratha cavalry, ill-suited for the heavy materiel and numerous family members and camp followers that accompanied the army; to a more effective use of artillery and infantry. Though the changes resulted in several victories for the army, some of the Maratha generals (like Holkar) were unready to adopt the new strategy completely and pointed out that the new units of artillery and infantry were not compatible with the other forces in the army and that the generals were not adequately trained on the deployment of the new units. Despite reservations of his generals and a shortage of time and money, Bhau formed a unit consisting of 10,000 infantry and 50 artillery pieces.

Finally on 14 January 1761, the Marathas, who were on the verge of starvation made a bold effort to break the blockade and issued forth to battle. The attack on Durrani was fierce and his wazir was found sitting on the ground eating mud and telling his fleeing soldiers that Kabul is far off. The battle was in the favour of Marathas till about 2 pm in the afternoon, when a stray bullet hit Vishwasrao and Durrani managed to throw in ten thousand troops who had fled the battlefield along with fresh 500 slave troops that guarded him. Bhausaheb was surrounded along with Jankoji Scindia and Ibrahim gardi, while Malhar Rao Holkar managed to slip away. Fighting to the last man, Bhausaheb perished in battle. Durrani had noted the huge number of non-combatants following Bhausaheb's army, and ordered an attack on their camp, slaughtering large numbers of civilians and soldiers' families. The resulting casualties and refugees fleeing to the Maratha camp caused overcrowding, supply shortages and shook the morale of Bhau's army, forcing him to turn his attention to safely transporting the civilians to Pune. In January 1761, Bhausaheb faced famine and was blocked reinforcement due to Durrani's control of key transportation routes.^[1]

Final battle and death[link]

After not receiving a reply regarding the terms of the treaty, Bhau decided to try to break the siege and allow the civilians under his protection to escape to Delhi.

Sadashivrao Bhau along with Ibrahim Khan Gardi had planned and were executing a battle strategy to pulverise the enemy formations with cannon fire and not to employ his cavalry until the Afghans were thoroughly softened up. With the Afghans now broken, he would move camp in a defensive formation towards Delhi, where they were assured supplies. But some Maratha generals overacted while some left battlefield leaving their defences open resulting in the defeat of the Marathas.

Durrani was taken unaware by the early morning attack, and decided to counter-attack during daylight. Durrani faced heavy initial losses. A stray bullet hit Vishwasrao, Bhau's nephew and heir to Nanasaheb Peshwa and he died on the spot. Bhau departed the battlefield to visit the corpse and plunged into the Afghan army, Vishwas rao's death had a devastating effect on the morale of his troops. Durrani attacked to take advantage of the confusion and weakness of Bhau's forces. Bhau counter-attacked but ultimately the army was defeated and any remaining civilians were massacred.^[1] Bhau kept on fighting till his last breath and died fighting on the battlefield.(ref Kashiraj Pandit bakhar). His body without head was found in the heap of dead bodies 3 days after the war. It was identified by the maratha Vakil who were with the camp of left marathas with kashiraj pandit, the wazir of Shuja Udaulla. Bhau's body was cremated with all rituals. The next day, his head was found, which was kept hidden by one Afghan soldier. It was cremated and the ashes taken for visarjan to Kashi. (Vishwas Ptil, Kashiraj Pandit bakhar)

Establishment of artillery units[link]

While observing several battles, Bhau witnessed the effectiveness artillery and light-weight guns mounted on British ships and began incorporating artillery units in the army of Balaji Baji Rao. Bhau enlisted the services of Ibrahim Khan Gardi, who brought with him 2,500 trained soldiers and fifteen cannons. Bhau also employed European mercenaries who used be in the employ of Tulaji Angre before his defeat. Notable among them was an engineer named Le Corbosier, who was an expert in foundry and in handling explosives. Within two years, Balaji Baji Rao's Infantry-Artillery division had 10,000 men and 56 guns.

Bhausaheb was a man of strong. The Maratha relations with the Jats and Rajputs were not cordial. This led to their non-cooperation and an acute shortage of supplies.

He was brave and courageous but acted on the spur of the moment. On seeing the demise of his beloved Vishwasrao, Bhausaheb came down from his elephant, climbed on a horse and plunged into the enemy lines, without realizing the consequences. His troops thought that he had fallen and that they were leaderless. This led to chaos. However, Bhau did not leave the battlefield and fought till his last breath.^[1]

Family[link]

His first wife's name was Umabai. She gave birth to two sons who died as soon. Umabai died in 1750. His second wife was Parvatibai. She accompanied Sadashivrao bhau during the battle of Panipat.

References[link]

• Uday S. Kulkarni, Solstice at Panipat - 14 January 1761 Mula Mutha Publishers, Pune 2011 ISBN 978-81-921080-0-1
• Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar, Panipat 1761 (Deccan College Monograph Series. I.), Pune (1946)
• Pramod Oak, "Peshwe gharanyacha Itihas"

Tarak Mehta (born 1930) is an Indian columnist, humorist, writer and playwright. best known for the column Duniya Na Undha Chasma in Gujarati Language. He has translated and adapted several comedies into Gujarati, and has been well-known figure in the Gujarati theatre.^[1]

The humorous weekly column first appeared in Chitralekha in March 1971 and ever since has been looking at contemporary issues from a different perspective. He has published 80 books, over the years, three books are based on the columns he wrote in Gujarati newspaper, Divya Bhaskar while rest were compiled from the stories in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah.^[2]

In 2008 SAB TV, a popular entertainment channel in India, started a show Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah that is based on his column.,^[3] and soon it became the flagship show of the channel.^[4]

Personal life[link]

He stays in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where he moved in year 2000, with second wife, Indu of over 30 years, His first wife, Ila who later married Manohar Doshi, (died 2006), also stayed in the same apartment building. He has daughter from his first marriage, Ishani, who stays in US, and has two children, Kushan and Shaili.^[2][5]

Bibliography[link]

• Duniya ne Oondha Chashmah
• Aa Duniya Panjarapole
• Action Reply ½
• Albelun America Vanthelun America
• Bagicha Ni Hadvi Havama
• Bahero Hase Be Vay...!
• Champaklal Tapuni Jugalbandhi
• Betaj Batali Baj Popatlal Taraj
• Taarak mehta ka oolta chashmah

References[link]

• "Tarak Mehta". The Statesman. http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=26&id=245516&usrsess=1. Retrieved 2009-04-20. 
• http://www.glamsham.com/dramas/features/tarak_mehta.pdf - contains a lot of information about Tarak Mehta

This article about an Indian writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This article about an Asian journalist is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e